République du Tchad | |
Motto Unité, Travail, Progrès Unity, Work, Progress | |
Anthem La Tchadienne | |
Capital | N'Djamena |
Government | Presidential republic |
President | |
- From 1990 | Idriss Déby |
Prime Minister | |
- From 2010 | Emmanuel Nadingar |
Legislature | National Assembly |
History | |
- November 28, 1958 | Established |
- August 11, 1960 | Independence from France |
Area | 1,284,000 km² |
Population | |
- 2009 | 10,329,208 |
Density | 8/km² |
GDP | 2009 (PPP) |
- Total | US$ 17.5 billion |
- Per capita | US$ 1,698 |
Currency | CFA franc |
Equatorial Africa Territory of Chad |
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The Republic of Chad is a presidential republic in Middle Africa.
Background
Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008.[1]
Economy
Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and are currently building a 300-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.[2]
President
- Idriss Déby (₩) (2 December 1990 - )
Prime Minister
- Emmanuel Nadingar (₩) (March 5, 2010 - )
Nation
Chandian Polities
- Territory of Chad
Neighbouring Nations
References
- Chad: a country study (Library of Congress)
- Chad: a country study (archive.org)
- Chad: Guide to Law Online (Library of Congress)
- Chad: Location Map 2013 (UN OCHA, PNG)
- The World Factbook (CIA)
- Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments (CIA)
- U.S. Department of State
- Australian Government
- Inter-Parliamentary Union - National Assembly
- BBC News Country Profile
- BBC News Time Line
- World Statesmen.org
- International Constitutional Law Project
- Psephos Election Archive
- Wikipedia